PENGARUH MODEL PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) BERBANTUAN MEDIA SMART BOX TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA PADA MATERI WARISAN BUDAYA

Abstract

_{Critical thinking is one of the essential competencies that
elementary school students should develop to meet the demands of
21st-century learning. However, classroom observations at SD
Negeri Ambit revealed that students' critical thinking skills remained
low because learning activities were still teacher-centered and
lacked engaging instructional media. This study aimed to determine
the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model assisted by
Smart Box media on students' critical thinking skills in cultural
heritage learning. This study employed a quantitative approach using
a Pre-Experimental Design with a One-Group Pretest–Posttest
Design. The participants consisted of 20 fifth-grade students
selected through saturated sampling. Data were collected using five
validated and reliable essay questions and analyzed through the
Shapiro–Wilk normality test and Paired Sample t-test. The results
showed that the mean score increased from 33.5 on the pretest to
75.5 on the posttest. The hypothesis testing indicated a significance
value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), demonstrating that the implementation of
Problem-Based Learning assisted by Smart Box media significantly
improved students' critical thinking skills. Therefore, this learning
model can be considered an effective instructional alternative for
improving critical thinking skills in elementary school I PAS learning.}