Corrections and Retractions

Every correction or retraction is published as a separate notice with its own DOI, linked to the original article.

Type When it is used
Erratum Error introduced by the journal during production.
Corrigendum Error by the authors that does not change the conclusions.
Retraction Findings are unreliable or misconduct is confirmed (COPE Retraction Guidelines). The article stays online marked “Retracted”.
Withdrawal By authors before acceptance at no cost; after acceptance only with a written reason accepted by the editor.
Related: Research Misconduct
Last updated: October 2026